Ecology , the field of natural science that studies the relationship between living organisms and their surrounding the outside world. Ecology is divided on the population ecology and ecosystem research.
A characteristic of the ecology in general, distinguishes it from other life sciences is the interest of the structure and operation of systems over a single organism, such as indigenous populations, biocoenosis, the biosphere. Large practical significance, because of the increasing danger to the environment of human life, environmental ecology has, for the forthcoming ecology recognized modern geography, and ecology of man.
Acid rain often committed in countries that are not responsible for their formation. Harmful gases, ejected by the high chimneys of the large amount of power can be transmitted by wind or even thousands kilometers away from their place of origin. For example, Scotland and Scandinavia suffer from pollution generated in the north of England, and gases produced in the north of the United States to poison Canada.
Acid rain adversely affect both the living organisms, inanimate creations of nature and the elements of an artificial environment. Destroy the structural elements, leading to strong resistance of iron, steel, copper, nickel and building materials, including natural rock containing carbonates. Notre-Dame de Paris has survived hundreds of years nearly intact, and now its stone walls are mercilessly attacked by acid rain.
Most because of the acid rain suffer from a tree. Already at low concentrations following discoloration of leaves or needles. Particularly vulnerable are conifers, and especially Scots pine, fir and spruce. In these trees is stifling growth, changes in the likes of crowns, partial, or even totally away. The effects of acid rain is demonstrated in particular in the foothills of the mountains, where the lower layer of clouds come into contact with vegetation.
Acid rain is causing the acidification of surface waters. In thousands of Scandinavian lakes caused the death of millions of salmon and trout. Another effect of acidification of soils, and in that release toxic aluminum and is leaching of nutrients.
For the first time there was a hole in the ozone layer 1985, over Antarctica. This has led to the adoption of the Geneva Convention for the Protection of the ozone layer. It will need to reduce the production freons, halons and oxides of nitrogen, directly responsible for ozone depletion.
Research concentration of ozone in the Earth's atmosphere have shown that over the past several years to reduce it (an average of 0.2% per annum). Reduction of the ozone content is described as enlarging the ozone hole. This phenomenon is observed not only over Antarctica, but also at other latitudes, including over Poland. Regular testing thickness of the ozone layer started in the 80's of the twentieth century. Brought to the satellite. With their assistance could be concluded that ozone depletion is seasonal. In December 2000, popular press reported that ozone loss over Antarctica is gigantic and shows no tendency to decrease. It was considered an indirect result of unusually severe winter. The situation again recently over the Arctic.
Geneva Convention to yield tangible results, and therefore draws in the future, however, in bright colors. Issuance of freons slowly but systematically declined, however, to fully rebuild the ozone layer we need to do is wait about 20 years.